ASTM A908 304 304L 316 316L Stainless Steel Tube: Austenitic Stainless Steel Needle Tubing for Industry
Austenitic stainless steel needle tubing is widely used in various industrial applications due to its excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and good formability. The ASTM A908 specification covers the requirements for stainless steel tubes made from grades 304, 304L, 316, and 316L. This article delves into the material specifications, key features, chemical composition, mechanical properties, steel grades, applications, and possible alternative grades.
Material Specification
The ASTM A908 standard specifies the requirements for austenitic stainless steel needle tubing, which is characterized by its high-quality finish and precise dimensions. These tubes are often used in applications requiring high cleanliness and resistance to corrosion.
Key Features
- Corrosion Resistance: Excellent resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments.
- High Strength: Suitable for high-pressure applications.
- Good Fabricability: Easily fabricated and welded.
- Versatile Applications: Used in various industries including medical, pharmaceutical, and food processing.
Chemical Composition
The following table presents the chemical composition of the stainless steel grades covered under ASTM A908:
| Grade | Carbon (C) | Manganese (Mn) | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) | Chromium (Cr) | Nickel (Ni) | Molybdenum (Mo) |
| 304 | ≤ 0.08% | 2.00% max | 0.045% max | 0.030% max | 18.0-20.0% | 8.0-10.5% | - |
| 304L | ≤ 0.03% | 2.00% max | 0.045% max | 0.030% max | 18.0-20.0% | 8.0-12.0% | - |
| 316 | ≤ 0.08% | 2.00% max | 0.045% max | 0.030% max | 16.0-18.0% | 10.0-14.0% | 2.0-3.0% |
| 316L | ≤ 0.03% | 2.00% max | 0.045% max | 0.030% max | 16.0-18.0% | 10.0-14.0% | 2.0-3.0% |
Mechanical Properties
The following table outlines the mechanical properties of the stainless steel grades specified in ASTM A908:
| Grade | Yield Strength (MPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (Rockwell B) |
| 304 | 215 | 505-720 | 40 | 70-90 |
| 304L | 200 | 485-620 | 40 | 70-90 |
| 316 | 290 | 580-720 | 40 | 70-90 |
| 316L | 220 | 480-620 | 40 | 70-90 |
Steel Grade
The primary steel grades covered under ASTM A908 are:
- 304: General-purpose stainless steel with good corrosion resistance.
- 304L: Low carbon version of 304, offering improved weldability.
- 316: Enhanced corrosion resistance, especially against chlorides.
- 316L: Low carbon version of 316, suitable for welding applications.
Application
Austenitic stainless steel needle tubing is used in various applications, including:
- Medical Devices: Catheters, syringes, and other medical instruments.
- Pharmaceutical Industry: Equipment for drug manufacturing and delivery.
- Food Processing: Tubing for food and beverage applications.
- Chemical Processing: Pipelines and fittings in corrosive environments.
Possible Alternative Grades
While ASTM A908 grades are widely used, there are alternative grades that may be considered based on specific application requirements:
- AISI 321: Offers better high-temperature resistance.
- AISI 310: Suitable for high-temperature applications due to its higher chromium and nickel content.
- AISI 2205: A duplex stainless steel that provides higher strength and better resistance to stress corrosion cracking.
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